The real story of "Alice in Wonderland" is based on a young girl named Alice Liddell, who inspired author Lewis Carroll during a boat trip. Carroll's whimsical tale explores themes of identity, childhood curiosity, and the absurdity of adult logic. The narrative takes readers on a fantastical adventure filled with memorable characters like the Mad Hatter and the Cheshire Cat, showcasing the enchanting yet perplexing world of Wonderland.